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Diego Castiblanco

From Bean to Brew: Unraveling the Mystery of Coffee Plants, Species, and Varietales

There's an alchemy to the coffee cup that many of us hold dear every morning. Yet, how often do we pause to think about the journey this beloved beverage undertakes? The magic begins at the very root, with the coffee plant. Let's delve into the rich world of coffee botany, from species to the myriad of varietals.


Understanding the Coffee Plant:

At its core, the coffee plant is a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree. With over 120 species in the Coffea genus, only a few have made their mark in our cups. The two most renowned are Coffea arabica (Arabica) and Coffea canephora (commonly known as Robusta).


  • Arabica - Making up about 60-70% of the world's coffee production, Arabica beans are considered the crème de la crème. They often have a wider taste range, between sweeter more tangy tastes, and higher acidity.

  • Robusta - Strong and bold, Robusta beans contain more caffeine than Arabica. They're primarily used in espresso blends, offering a deeper, woody taste.


Venturing into Varietales:

Varietals refer to the distinct subspecies of coffee plants, typically within the Arabica species. These can be likened to apple varieties like Fuji or Honeycrisp—each one stemming from the same species but offering unique flavor notes.


A brief look into some standout varietals:


  • Geisha: Hailing originally from Ethiopia but gaining fame in Panama, this varietal is lauded for its aromatic, floral notes.

  • Bourbon: A timeless classic, known for its sweet and resonant flavors.

  • SL28 & SL34: Predominant in Kenya, these varietals sing with fruity, wine-like undertones.

  • Caturra: A natural mutation of Bourbon, it’s recognized for its bright, lively flavors.


Why This Knowledge Matters:

The difference between species and varietals isn't just academic; it directly influences your coffee's taste. By understanding the origin and nuances, you gain a deeper appreciation for your brew and can make more informed choices as a consumer.


Conclusion:

Coffee is more than just a beverage; it’s a story of evolution, cultivation, and passion. As you sip your next cup, take a moment to ponder the incredible journey of the beans from a distant farm to your favorite mug.


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